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Alisma plantago-aquatica
''Alisma plantago-aquatica'', also known as European water-plantain, common water-plantain or mad-dog weed, is a perennial flowering plant widespread across most of Europe and Asia from Portugal and Morocco to Japan, Kamchatka and Vietnam. It is also regarded as native in northern and central Africa as far south as Tanzania. It is reportedly naturalized in southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Alaska, British Columbia, Washington State and Connecticut.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔(Biota of North America Program )〕〔(Flora of China, v 23 p 87, 泽泻 ze xie, ''Alisma plantago-aquatica'' )〕 Some sources maintain that the species is widespread across North America, but these reports appear to have been based on misidentified specimens.〔Björkquist, I. 1968. Studies in ''Alisma'' L. II. Chromosome studies, crossing experiments and taxonomy. Opera Botanica 19: 1-138.〕 It is found on mud or in fresh waters.
==Description==
''Alisma plantago-aquatica'' is a hairless plant that grows in shallow water, consists of a fibrous root, several basal long stemmed leaves 15–30 cm long, and a triangular stem up to 1 m tall. It has branched inflorescence bearing numerous small flowers, 1 cm across, with three round or slightly jagged, white or pale purple petals. The flowers open in the afternoon. There are 3 blunt green sepals, and 6 stamens per flower. The carpels often exist as a flat single whorl. It flowers from June until August.〔(Flora of North America v 22, ''Alisma plantago-aquatica'' )〕
The word ''alisma'' is said to be a word of Celtic origin meaning "water", a reference to the habitat in which it grows. Early botanists named it after the ''Plantago'' because of the similarity of their leaves.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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